RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to summarise and update existing knowledge about ageism among nursing students through the following research question: what is the perception and attitudes of ageism among student nurses? DESIGN: A systematic review of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of ageism in nursing students was carried out. DATA SOURCES: The literature search was conducted in the scientific databases Pubmed and Scopus in February 2021. REVIEW METHODS: After the screening process, 22 studies meeting the selection criteria were selected; 8 more were identified after manually searching the selected paper' reference lists. A total of 30 studies were included in the review. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists for Analytical Cross-Sectional studies and for Cohort Studies were used to appraise the articles' quality. RESULTS: There was large variability in the manifestation of ageism among student nurses, as well as in the instruments used for assessment. Most of the articles analysed attitudes towards old age, the majority of which were positive. Being a female student, being on the final year of study and having regular contact or cohabitation with an older adult were three of the main determinants in the expression of positive attitudes towards the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that student nurses generally have positive attitudes towards old age, although ageist beliefs and discriminatory behaviours were identified and should be studied in greater depth. Training programs for future care professionals have a responsibility to educate from a non-stereotypical perspective based on current societal needs.
Assuntos
Etarismo , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em SaúdeRESUMO
Introducción. La comunicación constituye una necesidad humana básica, y durante el proceso de terminalidad se considera una herramienta terapéutica fundamental. En el ámbito enfermero constituye un elemento definitorio de la calidad de los cuidados muy importante. Sin embargo, pese a considerarse los problemas comunicativos como la principal fuente de estrés en los profesionales sanitarios de Cuidados Paliativos, y ser la comunicación una de las necesidades más valoradas por los pacientes al final de sus días, en la actualidad la consecución de una comunicación eficaz con estos pacientes sigue siendo una meta a alcanzar. objetIvo. Realizar una revisión bibliográfica narrativa sobre los aspectos que la literatura considera más relevantes en el proceso de comunicación con el paciente en situación terminal, en el ámbito de la enfermería española. Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de los estudios publicados desde enero de 2006 hasta enero de 2016, en las bases de datos siguientes: DIALNET, PUBMED, IBECS, CUIDEN, SCIELO, ENFISPO, COCHRANE PLUS, IME, WEB OF SCIENCE, MEDES, LILACS, MEDLINE y SCOPUS, usando los descriptores "Cuidados paliativos", "Enfermería oncológica", "Terminal" y "Comunicación". Asimismo, se realizó una búsqueda manual de documentos extraídos de artículos principales, guías clínicas, manuales y libros. desarrollo. Finalmente se seleccionaron 26 documentos, generándose 4 categorías de análisis; comunicación eficaz, decir o no la verdad, la conspiración del silencio y formación en habilidades comunicativas. conclusIones. Este trabajo muestra los resultados hallados a través de una revisión narrativa y categoriza los temas más importantes de la comunicación con el paciente terminal en el ámbito enfermero
IntroductIon. Communication is a basic human need, and during the end-of-life stage it is considered a fundamental therapeutic tool. In the field of nursing, it is a defining element in the quality of care which is very important. It is one of the most valued needs for the patients at the end of their days, however the communicative problems are considered one of the main sources of stress by Palliative Care health professionals. Hence, the achievement of an effective communication with these patients remains as a goal to be achieved. objectIve. To perform a narrative bibliography review. Focusing on the aspects that the literature considers most relevant in the process of communication with the patient in terminal phase, in the scope of Spanish nursing. Methodology. A systematic search of the studies published from January 2006 to January 2016 was carried out in the following databases: DIALNET, PUBMED, IBECS, CUIDEN, SCIELO, ENFISPO, COCHRANE PLUS, IME, WEB OF SCIENCE, MEDES, LILACS, MEDLINE and SCOPUS, using the descriptors "Palliative care", "Nursing oncology", "Terminal" and "Communication". Also, a manual search of documents extracted from the main articles, clinical guides, manuals and books was carried out. Development. Finally, 26 documents were selected, generating 4 categories of analysis; Effective communication, truth-telling, conspiracy of silence, and communication skills training. conclusIons. This study shows the results found in the narrative review and categorizes the most important communication with the terminal-phase patient in the field of nursin
